Going back for a refresher in a very matter-of-fact survey of the development of Chan Buddhism, from the 5th century onward: Amazing what a difference in perspective and substantive understanding my late readings on the effect of Confucianism on Chinese Buddhism have afforded. I, like most Westerners, I daresay, had always dismissed the all-pervading Confucian basis of Chinese civilization as irrelevant--intrinsically biased, essentially untrue, philosophically contemptible, at least as compared to taoism; and with no conceivable interest to Buddhists. How wrong I was! Not that Confucianism is not biased, untrue, and contemptible; but, alas, it has been anything but irrelevant to the development of Chinese Buddhism.